Explaining Cold and Fresh Southern Polar Ocean Surface Waters Global climate models do not reproduce observed trends of the Southern polar ocean surface, but an increase in wind-transported sea ice that melts and inhibits mixing may account for the disparity. SOURCE: AGU AdvancesObserved (left) subsurface (110-2000 m) ocean heat content changes from 1982 to 2011 and simulated (right) subsurface...
Ocean Gyres Observed to Move PolewardBasin-wide ocean gyres have been observed to be slowly migrating toward the poles and, although natural variations contribute, climate simulations suggest the shift is in response to global warming.SOURCE: Geophysical Research LettersObserved trends (shading) and climatology (contours;0.5℃/100km) of the sea surface temperature gradients in the global ocean ...
Capturing Pluto's Heartbeat in a ComputerUnprecedented global climate model simulations, incorporating observational data from the New Horizons mission, reveal atmospheric circulations driven by a large ice cap on Pluto.SOURCE: Journal of Geophysical Research: PlanetsThe figure shows the zonal winds in the upper atmosphere of Pluto as a function of season for three Pluto years. Color shading an...
Trees are Watching Us and Our ActionsAnnual growth rings in trees tell us more than climate history; they can also document the rise and fall of human industrial activities.SOURCE: Journal of Geophysical Research: BiogeosciencesMercury (Hg) stable isotope concentrations in tree rings can be used to differentiate anthropogenic and background contributions to accumulated mercury in tree rings. Po...
The Freshest Mineral Water in the Solar SystemThe water-rich plumes erupting from Saturn's moon Enceladus show the chemical signs of water-rock interactions deep within the moon, further implicating Enceladus as a potential habitat for life.SOURCE: Geophysical Research LettersThis figure shows whether assemblages containing quartz, talc, and carbonate can be produced from an oxidized hydrous ro...
Tracking Reverse WeatheringUsing beryllium isotopes to track in situ formation of clays in the ocean, known as reverse weathering, will improve global models of atmospheric carbon dioxide and ocean alkalinity.SOURCE: Geophysical Research LettersSediment sampling sites along the Chilean coast showing the locations of marine surface sediment sampling (dark blue circles) and river sediment samplin...
The Overlooked Role of Sulfur Dioxide Emissions from VolcanoesVolcanoes can warm as much as they cool. Prior simulations have neglected the important warming effects of sulfur dioxide emissions, making some results colder than they should be.SOURCE: Journal of Geophysical Research: AtmospheresThis figure shows how different levels of volcanic emissions result in different shortwave (SW, blue), ...
Why Does Ocean Warming Pattern Matter?Ocean warming patterns are critical to climate science given their role in determining regional climate changes and modulating how much the globe may warm with elevated CO2 levels.Source: AGU AdvancesOcean warming pattern is illustrated by the multi-model ensemble mean sea surface temperature change between the two periods (years 130–150 vs. 1–20) in a CM...
Representing Estuaries and Braided Rivers as Channel NetworksThe human eye is quite good at identifying channel networks among the rich patterns exhibited by estuaries and braided rivers, but computers have a harder time doing so. Could they do better?Source: Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth SurfaceThe Waimakariri River in New Zealand is a typical example of a braided river. The algorithm...
Microphysics and Positive Lightning in Hokuriku Winter CloudsThe microphysics of the frequent, and frequently positive, lightning of Hokuriku winter clouds was investigated by systematic, in situ observation of individual precipitation particle type and charge.SOURCE: Journal of Geophysical Research: AtmospheresModel of cloud development, charge evolution, and cloud-to-ground lightning initiati...
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